After ten years since the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and five years of operation in developing countries, the Agreement remains very controversial due to its implications in the area of public health and for the appropriation of biological resources. The author examines the background and objectives of some WTO member countries’ proposals for review of the TRIPS Agreement. In particular, he analyzes them as they relate to developing countries’ concerns about transfer of technology.