Narveson debates the philosophy of utilitarianism. She asks specifically two questions: “should we produce person X because X would be happy if produced?” and “should we produce person X, if we can foresee that X’s existence will have a favorable effect on the happiness of other people besides X?” Narveson questions if a person should feel a need to produce a child if the child will be happy either way. She concludes that society should not create arbitrary duties, but rather fulfill duties as they arise.