What criteria must be met to wage war? What if some criteria, but not all criteria, are met? In Part 1, the author discusses the currently popular formulations of the Just-War Theory and their shortcomings. In Part 2, he discusses the proper object of evaluation of the Just-War Theory. In Part 3, he recognizes the criteria. In Part 4, he discusses the advantages of his account of the theory over the standard account. In Part 5, he shows how this new account illumines what might otherwise have been a puzzling feature of the laws of reprisals.