The current feminist debate over ecology raises important and timely issues about the theoretical adequacy of the four leading versions of feminism – liberal, traditional Marxist, radical, and socialist feminism. A minimal condition account of ecological feminism is presented. It is argued that if this eco-feminism is true, then each of the four leading versions of feminism is inadequate, incomplete, or problematic as a theoretical grounding for eco-feminism. A transformative feminism is needed that will go beyond the four familiar feminist frameworks and make an eco-feminist perspective central to feminist theory and practice.
