Issues concerning the the often unacknowledged rejection by many Tibetans of their own Buddhist culture during the Chinese Cultural Revolution are examined, focusing on the relationship between those events and cultural conditions in Tibet at the start of the 21st century. Topics include the historical relationship between China and Tibet, since the 18th century, Mao Zedong’s military control of Tibet, the flight into exile of the Dalai Lama, and future prospects for defining Tibetan culture.