Robinson argues that it is more proper to set out the analysis of monopoly, treating perfect competition as a special case (instead of the customary opening in economic theory with the analysis of a perfectly competitive world, treating monopoly as a special case.) This chapter is an analysis of what becomes of the theory of distribution upon the basis of monopoly. Robinson compares the “world of monopolies” with a “world of perfect competition” and looks at the effect upon the distribution of resources.