Northrop demonstrates that the orthodox model underplays the significance of ethical judgments both in its approach to policy and in its account of individual and organizational behavior. She shows that introductory texts promote, without acknowledgement or debate, the following: 1) ethical judgments and value-laden choices are equally meritorious; 2) economic growth is desirable; 3) consumerism; 4) to ignore markets’ sometimes coercive nature and the non-externality types of harm to third parties; 5) anthropocentrism; 6) the only unequivocal good is rearrangements which produce only winners; 7) to view humans as separate and self-serving entities.
