Most economists have concluded that trade with developing countries has at most a minor impact on employment and wages in industrialized nations. Adrian Wood, however, argues that trade with the South has played a major role in depressing the demand for less-skilled labor in the North, as seen in the earlier chapters of his book, and in the related article summarized in this section (see “How Trade Hurt Unskilled Workers”). In the concluding chapter of his book, summarized here, Wood examines the available responses to the effects of trade for developed countries.