Goodwin, Neva R.; Nelson, Julie A.; Ackerman, Frank; Weisskopf, Thomas E.
Abstract
This module presents an expanded circular flow analysis that takes the biosphere into account. It reviews critiques and alternatives to GNP/GDP, emphasizing natural resource and environmental as well as social sustainability, then discusses the implications of long-term growth of population and economic output, contrasting the goal of economic growth with the goal of sustainable development.
