Wangari Maathai and Kenya’s Green Belt Movement: Exploring the Evolution and Potentialities of Consensus Movement Mobilization
Author(s)
Michaelson, Marc
Abstract
Social movement research has traditionally focused on conflictual, overtly confrontational approaches to addressing social problems. Consensus movements, such as grassroots self-help movements in the countries of the South, have only recently been studied. Whereas some of these movements employ contentious strategies to influence traditional political arenas and actors, others intentionally remain outside traditional political spheres and use consensual means to achieve their social change objectives. Utilizing Kenya’s Green Belt Movement as an example, I argue that consensus strategies present opportunities for movement formation and development in repressive environments. Likewise, the domestic momentum and international exposure generated from consensus action can provide future opportunities for expanding the movement’s tactical repertoire.
