A survey of African environmental history during in the period 1994 to 2004 is provided and distinctions between the environmental history of Africa and that of other geo-regions are identified. It is argued that the promises of the earlier environmental historiography have not been realized and that an emerging trend embeds Africa’s environmental history within the framework of social history and issues around science and changing societies. The article focuses on work that has appeared in Environment and History, analyzing the trend-setting role that this journal has played.