Charts the path of change and growth followed by the African National Congress (ANC) during its period of exile in Angola, Rhodesia, and Tanzania from 1960 to 1990. During the early 1960’s, the ANC faced imminent collapse after the arrest of Nelson Mandela and other top officials. The then exclusively black organization revived itself with assistance from the South African Communist Party, which had been banned since 1950. For the remainder of the period of exile, the ranks of the ANC abroad were strengthened by militant young blacks who left South Africa in order to take up arms against the white minority government. Despite internal power struggles, ANC guerrillas managed to carry out several military operations that met with limited success during the period.
