Emergence and Completion of Structure in Initially Undefined and Partially Defined Groups
Author(s)
Shelly, Robert K.; Troyer, Lisa
Abstract
We employ principles that integrate ideas from two branches of the research program in expectation states theory to explain formation of interaction hierarchies in heterogeneous and homogeneous task groups. Initially advantaged actors emerge as dominant members of a group more rapidly in task-related structures (e.g., status, skill) than in nontask-related structures (e.g., sentiment), and when they are advantaged in multiple structures. Initially undifferentiated actors defer to advantaged actors and form an interaction hierarchy through behavioral dynamics. We analyze time spent talking by members of groups characterized either by no initial social structure or by structures defined by status, skill, and/or sentiment. Groups with skill structures fit our principles most closely. In groups with no initial social structure, emergence of a dominant actor occurs, followed by the differentiation of the remaining actors; this pattern is similar to the one we predicted for groups whose initial hierarchy was partially defined. We suggest further strategies for refining theoretical arguments on activation, emergence, and completion of interaction orders.
