This paper describes a concept that arose from the experiences of environmentalists in Nova Scotia, Canada, who were organizing against forces spraying using the herbicide Roundup (active ingredient glyphosate) and the insecticide Bt (Bacillus thuringtensis variety kurstaki). The type of forestry that uses pesticides has been characterized as “pulpwood forestry” and has certain features such as clearcutting; the reduction of biodiversity through replacing the existing natural forest with a few selected softwood pulp species like balsam fir, black, white and red spruce; the elimination of hardwoods; even-aged management; use of pesticides to “protect” the pulpwood tree plantations; and use of industrial machinery for harvesting. Every year extensive forest spraying takes place in Nova Scotia and every year environmentalists and the public living close to forest spray sites engage in battle to try to stop or seriously impede the spraying.
